First, if we look at the tonal balance for an entire song consisting of a typical mix of drums, bass, voice, and some additional instrumentation, it is not uncommon to have a peak somewhere below 100 Hz with a gentle slope down as we move to higher and higher frequencies. However, we can still make some general observations about tonal balance in a broad sense. Thus, it is entirely fair to say that judging the quality of a song’s tonal balance is not only largely personal, but also highly context-dependent. Second, we’re talking about art which inherently has a subjective element to it. First and foremost, what might be a good tonal balance for one song could be completely inappropriate for another. What makes good tonal balance? The answer here is less clear-cut for several reasons.
Thus, when we talk about tonal balance we’re really talking about how the different frequencies and frequency ranges in a mix balance against each other. Very broadly speaking, you could think of this as the balance between bass, midrange, and treble, but of course, we can-and do-get more granular. In the simplest sense, tonal balance refers to the distribution of energy across the range of audible frequencies-about 20 Hz to 20 kHz-usually in the context of a full mix.
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